The Black Eyed Peas

The Black Eyed Peas are an American hip hop / rock group, formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1995. The group is composed of rapper and multi-instrumentalist will.i.am, rappers apl.de.ap and Taboo, and singer-rapper Fergie. Since the release of their third album, Elephunk, in 2003, the group has sold an estimated 56 million records worldwide.^[1]
The group scored their first worldwide hit with "Where Is the Love?" in 2003, which topped over ten charts worldwide. Another single was the European hit "Shut Up". Their next album, Monkey Business was also a worldwide hit, certified 4× Platinum in the U.S., and spawning two hit singles, "My Humps" and "Don't Phunk with My Heart".
In 2009, the group became one of only 11 artists to have ever simultaneously held the No.1 and No.2 spots on the Billboard Hot 100, with their singles "Boom Boom Pow" and "I Gotta Feeling", with the next single "Meet Me Halfway" achieving similar success, from the album The E.N.D. Combined, these three singles also topped the chart for an unprecedented 30 consecutive weeks in 2009. The album later produced a third Hot 100 number-one placement with "Imma Be", making the group one of few to ever place three number one singles on the chart from the same album before being followed with "Rock That Body" which managed to peak in the Top 10 of Hot 100. "I Gotta Feeling" has become the first single to sell more than 1 million downloads in the United Kingdom.^[2]
Before becoming part of the Black Eyed Peas, will.i.am and apl.de.ap were in a group called Atban Klann, signed to Eazy E's Ruthless Records. The Black Eyed Peas were ranked 12th on the Billboard's Decade-End Chart Artist of the Decade, and 7th in the Hot 100 Artists of the Decade. The group has been nominated for "Most Popular International Artist" in the ARIA Music Awards.
In November 2010, they released their album The Beginning. The first single of the album was "The Time (Dirty Bit)". The song topped the charts in many countries. In February 2011, the group performed at the Super Bowl XLV halftime show. The album's second single was "Just Can't Get Enough" and it was released in February 2011. The music video was filmed in Japan one week before the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. The song was dedicated to Japanese friends. The third single, "Don't Stop the Party" was released in May 2011.

Contents [hide] 1 History 1.1 1988–2000: Origins, Formation, Behind the Front, and Bridging the Gap 1.2 2001–04: Addition of Fergie and Elephunk 1.3 2004–07: Monkey Business 1.4 2009–2010: The E.N.D. and The E.N.D. World Tour 1.5 2010–present: The Beginning 2 The Group 2.1 Current members 2.2 Past members 2.3 Musicians – Live Members 3 Discography 4 Tours 5 Awards and Nominations 6 Notes 7 External links

History

1988–2000: Origins, Formation, Behind the Front, and Bridging the Gap

Black Eyed Peas in 2001

The Black Eyed Peas date back to 1988, when eighth-graders William Adams (will.i.am) and Allan Pineda (apl.de.ap) met and began rapping and performing together around Los Angeles. The pair signed to Ruthless Records (run by Eazy-E) in 1992, catching the attention of Eazy-E manager, Jerry Heller's, nephew. Along with another friend of theirs, Dante Santiago, they called their trio Atban Klann (ATBAN: A Tribe Beyond a Nation).^[3] Will 1X (aka will.i.am)apl.de.ap, Mookie Mook, DJ Motiv8 (aka Monroe Walker) and Dante Santiago formed Atban Klann. Their debut album, Grass Roots, was never released because Ruthless founder Eazy-E had died.^[3]
After Eazy-E died in 1995, Atban Klann reformed and changed their name to Black Eyed Pods, and then Black Eyed Peas. Dante Santiago was replaced with Jaime Gomez (Taboo), and Kim Hill became a steady background singer. Unlike many hip-hop acts, they chose to perform with a live band and adopted a musical and clothing style that differed wildly from the "Gangsta Rap" sounds of Los Angeles-based hip-hop acts at the time. After being signed to Interscope Records and releasing their debut, Behind the Front (1998) the group (and their accompanying live band) earned critical acclaim. One of the hit singles from the album was "Joints & Jam", and was featured on the Bulworth soundtrack. Their second album was Bridging the Gap (2000), which had the hit "Request + Line" featuring Macy Gray.

2001–04: Addition of Fergie and Elephunk

The Black Eyed Peas signing autographs before a concert at East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania.

Their third album Elephunk began development on November 2, 2001, but was not released until 2003. It was the first album to feature the vocals of current member Fergie. Nicole Scherzinger was originally approached to join the Peas, but was forced to decline because she was a member of Eden's Crush and was under contract. Dante Santiago then introduced will.i.am to Fergie, who joined the band in 2002. Elephunk is also the first album that indicated and demonstrated the new, polished pop sound designed to attract mass audiences and also the first under the name THE Black Eyed Peas. In a positive review of The Black Eyed Peas' new-found style, Rolling Stone noted that since 2002, when the group "hired a blond bombshell named Stacy 'Fergie' Ferguson and gave up their pursuit of backpack-rapper cred, they have made a kind of spiritual practice of recording futuristic songs – a total aesthetic commitment that extends from their garish wardrobes to their United Colors of Benetton worldview."^[4]
Meanwhile, Fergie herself recalled her reasons for joining the group to noted UK urban writer Pete Lewis of Blues & Soul:

"I first went to see The Black Eyed Peas in 1998 at a place called the El Rey Theatre in LA. Because they were hip hop-yet-abstract and their style was eclectic and theatrical, there was something about them I knew I could gel with. So years later, when my group Wild Orchid and The Peas happened to be on a radio show at the same time, I went up to will.i.am, got on my hustle, and told him I'd been wanting to work with him for ever! We exchanged numbers, and it was when they needed a singer for their song 'Shut Up!' that we actually started working together."^[5]

Two of The Black Eyed Peas:apl.de.ap and Fergie

From Elephunk came "Where Is the Love?", which became The Black Eyed Peas' first major hit, peaking at No.8 on the U.S. Hot 100, but topping the charts in several other countries, including seven weeks at No.1 in the United Kingdom, where it became the biggest-selling single of 2003. The single had similar results in Australia, staying at No.1 for six weeks. In an interview with TalkofFame.com, Taboo shared that Justin Timberlake's split with Britney Spears impacted the recording of "Where Is The Love?".^[6]
The album subsequently spawned "Shut Up", which peaked at No.2 in the UK and topped the charts in many success and went Gold and Platinum in the U.S., UK, Germany, and other European markets.
The third single from the album, although significantly restyled from the original Elephunk version, "Hey Mama" hit the top 5 in Australia and the top 10 in the UK, Germany and other European countries and reached No.23 in the U.S. The song received even more exposure in 2003 when it was featured in the first "silhouette" television commercial for the iPod.
Their fourth single from the album was titled "Let's Get It Started", which was re-titled from its original name of "Let's Get Retarded" to ensure radio play with no backlash for being considered as offensive to the mentally disabled. "Let's Get It Started" won a 2005 Grammy for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group and also received two nominations for Record of the Year and Best Rap Song.
In 2004, The Black Eyed Peas embarked on the Elephunk Tour, hitting many countries in Europe and Asia.

2004–07: Monkey Business

The Black Eyed Peas performing on August 24, 2006

Their fourth album, Monkey Business, was recorded through 2004 and was released on June 7, 2005. Much of the pre-production writing was performed on the John Lennon Educational Tour Bus while on The Black Eyed Peas/N*E*R*D tour of 2004. The album's first single, "Don't Phunk with My Heart", was a hit in the U.S., reaching number three on the U.S. Hot 100. The spot the song reached was the highest peak yet of their career in the U.S. (this was later broken when "Boom Boom Pow" peaked at the top spot of the Billboard Hot 100) and earned them another Grammy for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group. The song reached three in the UK, and five in Canada, and stayed at number one for three weeks in Australia. Some radio stations, concerned about complaints of obscenity, played an alternative version, "Don't Mess with My Heart". "Don't Lie", the second single from the album, saw success on the U.S. Hot 100, reaching #14, although becoming somewhat more successful in the UK and Australia, reaching a peak of No.6 in both countries. "My Humps", another song from the album, immediately achieved commercial success in the U.S. and fairly substantial radio play despite the sexually suggestive lyrics, reaching number three on the U.S. Hot 100 and number one in Australia, making it their fourth Australian number one single. However, many mocked the song for its poor lyrical content; John Bush, writing for Allmusic, described it as "one of the most embarrassing rap performances of the new millennium".^[7] Despite this, the album Monkey Business debuted at number two on the U.S. Billboard 200 albums chart, selling over 295,000 copies in its first week and was later certified triple platinum by the RIAA. Their next and last commercially-released single from the album was "Pump It", which borrows much of its sound from "Misirlou", specifically Dick Dale's version; it peaked at number 8 in Australia but 18 in America.
As well as being a hip-pop album, Monkey Business features some acoustic guitar playing from Jack Johnson in the single "Gone Going".
In September 2005, The Black Eyed Peas released an iTunes Originals playlist of their greatest hits, as well as some that were re-recorded especially for purchase through iTunes. The playlist includes popular songs such as "Don't Lie", "Shut Up", and a new version of "Where Is the Love?" It has small stories containing info and commentary about the songs and how the group first met.
On November 27, 2005, The Black Eyed Peas performed at the half-time show at the Canadian Football League's 93rd Grey Cup in Vancouver, British Columbia.

	"My Humps" (2005) Third single from Monkey Business. "Pump It" (2006) Last single from Monkey Business.
Problems listening to these files? See media help.

In autumn 2005, The Black Eyed Peas set off to tour with Gwen Stefani, as supporting act. In December 2005, they embarked on the "European Tour", which toured multiple countries in Europe.
The European leg which opened in Tel Aviv, Israel, continued to Ireland, the UK, Italy and Germany. After heading to Europe and Asia, they toured the U.S. again, and South America. The Black Eyed Peas have starred in a series of web shorts for Snickers called Instant Def, appearing as a group of hip-hop superheroes.
Their headlined the main Ocean Stage at the Summer Sonic Festival in Tokyo, Japan on August 11, and Osaka, Japan on August 12, 2007. The act consisted of the band performing their hits, as well as Fergie singing solo tracks from The Dutchess. will.i.am sang songs from his upcoming album. On December 10, 2005, the Peas cover of the John Lennon classic "Power to the People", which was mostly recorded on the John Lennon Educational Tour Bus, was released by Amnesty International as part of the Make Some Noise campaign to celebrate human rights. The song was later released on the 2007 John Lennon tribute album, Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur. The same day, The Black Eyed Peas performed their version live on the UK television program The Record of the Year together with John Legend and Mary J. Blige.
On March 21, 2006, The Black Eyed Peas released a remix album, entitled Renegotiations: The Remixes to iTunes. It features remixed versions of "Ba Bump", "My Style", "Feel It", "Disco Club", "They Don't Want Music", "Audio Delite at Low Fidelity", and the standard version and video of "Like That". The following week, it was released on CD without the music video. Participants on the EP included DJ Premier, Pete Rock, Erick Sermon, DJ Jazzy Jeff, and Large Professor.
Already having produced the bulk of the Peas' albums, will.i.am has begun his solo career in earnest by producing and collaborating with a variety of musicians, most notably Michael Jackson and also including U2, Sérgio Mendes, Carlos Santana, Too Short, Kelis, Cheryl Cole, SMAP, John Legend, Nelly Furtado, Justin Timberlake, Nas and Bone Thugs and Harmony.
In March 2006, The Black Eyed Peas hit the road again as the featured headliner for the 6th Annual Honda Civic Tour with supporting bands Flipsyde and The Pussycat Dolls. They again brought the John Lennon Educational Tour Bus on the tour with them to craft new songs for Fergie's solo debut album. In 2006, they went on tour with The Pussycat Dolls.^[8][9]
On May 11, 2006, The Black Eyed Peas performed at San Fernando High School at the football field. In 2007, The Black Eyed Peas embarked on the Black Blue & You World Tour, visiting more than 20 countries, including Macau, Sweden, Poland, Romania, Hungary, South Africa, South Korea, Malaysia, India, Indonesia, Israel, Singapore, China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Australia, Nigeria, Mexico, Thailand, Venezuela, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Argentina, Philippines, El Salvador and Brazil. This tour was presented by Pepsi, in conjunction with the new 'Pepsi More' advertising campaign, featuring The Black Eyed Peas. In fact, their track "One Tribe" was a promotional single made just for the new Pepsi spot.
On December 31, 2006, The Black Eyed Peas performed at the last stop on the Monkey Business tour, at Ipanema Beach in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for more than 1 million people, being their biggest concert ever. The Black Eyed Peas performed at the UK leg of Live Earth on July 7, 2007 at Wembley Stadium, London. will.i.am performed a new song, "Help Us Out", at the event, which is now on his album, Songs About Girls, as "S.O.S. (Mother Nature)".

2009–2010: The E.N.D. and The E.N.D. World Tour

The Black Eyed Peas performing on October 7, 2009

The group's fifth studio album, The E.N.D. ("The Energy Never Dies"), was released on June 9, 2009. The first single "Boom Boom Pow" was sent to U.S. radio on March 10, 2009 and was released on March 30, 2009 on iTunes. The single sold 465,000 downloads in its first week of digital release, the third-largest number of download sales in a single week overall, and the largest single-week and debut-download totals by a group in the history of digital-download sales, reaching No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and Pop 100. It became the group's first U.S. No. 1, holding the spot for twelve consecutive weeks. It also reached number 1 in Australia, Canada, and the UK. The album has a more electro hop beat rather than the usual hip pop/R&B feeling of their previous albums. Three promotional singles, "Imma Be", "Alive", and "Meet Me Halfway", were released through the iTunes Store in the three weeks running up to the album's release. In its first week, the album sold 304,000 copies and debuted at number 1 on the Billboard 200. In the United States, the album became the ninth album to top the one million mark in sales in 2009. The album has spent 38 weeks within the top 10 of the Billboard 200. The E.N.D. was the 7th best-selling album of 2009 in the U.S.. It also debuted at number one in Australia, number two in New Zealand and three in the United Kingdom.

The Black Eyed Peas in Paris during The E.N.D. Tour.

After the release of The E.N.D., the Black Eyed Peas released "I Gotta Feeling" as the official second single from the album. It was produced by David Guetta. Moreover, the collaboration of this artist with the Black Eyed Peas is a significant reason of the recent success of the group.^[10] "I Gotta Feeling" climbed to number one on the U.S. iTunes chart replacing "Boom Boom Pow" which dropped to number two. The single charted at number three and then went to number one on the UK Singles Chart. It debuted at number 2 on the Hot 100 behind "Boom Boom Pow" and later surpassed it, taking the number 1 spot.^[11] The Black Eyed Peas joined a very elite group of artists who have held the No.1 and 2 Spot on the Hot 100 simultaneously. From April 18, 2009, when "Boom Boom Pow" reached No. 1, through October 10, 2009, the last week "I Gotta Feeling" was at No. 1, the group was on top of the chart for 26 weeks, more consecutive weeks than any other artist.
On Wednesday, June 17, 2009 the Black Eyed Peas performed on the British TV chat show Alan Carr: Chatty Man. The band was interviewed and performed their single "I Gotta Feeling".^[12] On July 8, 2009, they made an appearance at the Isle of MTV in Malta.^[13]
On July 30, Billboard announced that the Black Eyed Peas set a record for the longest successive No. 1 chart run by a duo or group in the Billboard Hot 100's history. "I Gotta Feeling" hit its fifth consecutive week at No. 1, following 12 weeks at the top by the Peas' "Boom Boom Pow". Boyz II Men reigned on the chart for two 16-week runs in the mid-'90s.^[14]
Following its release, will.i.am remarked that the album had been inspired by a trip to Australia, specifically the sound of The Presets' "My People". "The energy on the Presets' small little stage was crazy energy. That song My People – that shit is wild," will.i.am said, "That's the reason why this record sounds the way it does – my three months in Australia."^[15]

Three of the group's members during their debut world tour.

On September 8, 2009, the group performed live for Oprah Winfrey's 24th Season Kickoff Party, on Michigan Avenue in Chicago. An estimated 21,000 dancers in the streets performed a flash mob to the live performance of "I Gotta Feeling".^[16] In September 2009, the group embarked on The E.N.D. World Tour, with dates announced in Japan, Thailand, Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand. The tour is expected to last well into 2010.
"Meet Me Halfway" was released as the third single from the album in September 2009. The single reached number one in the UK and Australia, making it their third chart topper from The E.N.D. in both countries. It also peaked at seven on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, making it the groups third top-10 single from The E.N.D.
The group performed at the American Music Awards with the songs "Meet Me Halfway" and "Boom Boom Pow". They also won 2 out of 3 categories in which they were nominated; Favorite Rock/Pop Group & Favorite R&B/Soul Group. They lost their last category, Best R&B/Soul Album (The E.N.D.), to Michael Jackson.
In October 2009, they were the opening acts for 5 concerts of the U2 360° Tour North America leg.
The Black Eyed Peas started 2010 performing "Rock That Body", "Imma Be", "Boom Boom Pow" and other hits from The E.N.D. in a New Year's Eve party and caused an increase in downloads of those songs.

Fergie and Apl.de.ap performing.

"Imma Be" was released as the fourth single in the U.S. on December 15, 2009, reaching number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for two weeks, becoming the group's 3rd number one single on that chart. Heavy airplay in Canada caused "Imma Be" to reach number 5 on the Canadian Hot 100, their 4th consecutive top 5 hit from the album. "Rock That Body" was then released as the fifth single, and has so far reached number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100.
They group performed at the Grammys on January 31, 2010. They performed a mash-up of "Imma Be"/"I Gotta Feeling". In the same night, they won 3 out of the 6 awards they were nominated for including Best Pop Vocal Album for The E.N.D., Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Group for "I Gotta Feeling" and Best Short Form Video for "Boom Boom Pow".
On March 30, 2010, The Black Eyed Peas tackled a major milestone in advanced technology. AEG in a Co-Production with 3ality Digital became the first concert to be broadcast LIVE in 3D. “This is the first live concert in movie theaters in 3D,” says John Rubey, president of AEG Network Live. AEG Network Live hired 3ality Digital, which had already completed 3D production work with Samsung and the Black Eyed Peas for the launch of their new consumer 3D TV’s. “We had had a dialogue with 3ality starting with [president] Sandy Climan two years ago,” said Rubey. “And we met with [director] Ted Kenney last May. Ted and I connected on a couple of advance trips, and the chemistry was good. He was flexible in understanding that it wasn’t just a 3D shoot but that there were a myriad of uses, including a (2D) transmission to 500 movie theaters. His vision and flexibility plus the relationship he’d created with the Black Eyed Peas made him a logical support.”^[17]
The Black Eyed Peas' LIVE 3D performance of "Meet Me Halfway" won top honors at the Dimension 3 Expo this year in Paris for Live 3D Category.^[18]
On June 10, 2010, The Black Eyed Peas performed "Where is the Love?", "Pump It", "Meet me Halfway", "Boom Boom Pow", and "I Gotta Feeling" at the 2010 FIFA World Cup Kick-Off Celebration concert in South Africa. The concert had over 700 million viewers world wide, making it the biggest event the group performed in.
They also performed at T in the Park 2010 on the NME Stage on the Friday July 9 and Oxegen in Kildare, Ireland on Saturday July 10 on the Vodafone stage.
On July 27, 2010, The Black Eyed Peas released a remix album: The E.N.D. Summer 2010 Canadian Invasion Tour: Remix Collection. It was released on iTunes in Canada only, during the Canadian leg of The E.N.D. World Tour. It mostly features remixes of the singles taken from their fifth studio album The E.N.D. It also features a remix of "Let's Get It Started" taken from their third studio album, Elephunk, the remix was also a bonus track on the deluxe edition of The E.N.D.
On July 30, 2010, The Black Eyed Peas performed "Boom Boom Pow", "Rock That Body", and "I Gotta Feeling" in Central Park as part of Good Morning America's free summer concert series.

2010–present: The Beginning

On June 6, 2010, the band confirmed that they were working on a new album in an interview for The Big Issue. The album was described as a sequel to The E.N.D. Will.i.am announced that the new album, which "symbolizes growth, new beginnings and starts a fresh new perspective", would be titled The Beginning. The album was released on November 30, 2010 and received mixed reviews.^[19] The album's first single is called "The Time (Dirty Bit)",^[20] and was revealed on October 20, 2010, through will.i.am's Twitter account. The music video was directed by Rich Lee, who had previously directed the video for "Imma Be Rocking That Body".
The group also stated in The Big Issue interview that they are working on a 3D film directed by James Cameron. The film will be a tour documentary with fiction inserted into it. The group also performed at the Super Bowl XLV halftime show, at Cowboys Stadium, on February 6, 2011.^[21]
On December 5, they appeared on the seventh series of The X Factor in the UK performing "The Time (Dirty Bit)".
"Just Can't Get Enough" was confirmed as the second single on BlackEyedPeas.com on January 11, conflicting with rumors that "Whenever" and "The Best One Yet (The Boy)" would be the next singles.
On February 6, 2011, the group was featured during the halftime show at Super Bowl XLV. The performance received mixed reviews in both social and mainstream media.^[22][23] With this performance they became only the second musical act (after Shania Twain) to perform at both major North American football championship games (the other being the CFL's Grey Cup).^[24]
The album's second single, "Just Can't Get Enough", was released in February 18, 2011. The music video was released in March 16, 2011 and it was filmed in Tokyo, one week before the earthquake and the tsunami. The video was directed by Ben Mor

The Black Eyed Peas at Walmart meeting, 2011

On March 17, the Black Eyed Peas appeared on the American Idol elimination show singing "Just Can't Get Enough". Will.i.am noted at the beginning of the song that the song was dedicated to "our friends in Japan".
On April 2, the group appeared on the 24th Annual Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards performing "The Time (Dirty Bit)" and "Just Can't Get Enough". The appearance received very good reviews and in the same night the group won the blimp award of the Favorite Music Group category.^{[citation needed]}
The group's third single was "Don't Stop the Party" and it was released on May 10, 2011. On the same day, a music video for the song was released on iTunes, along with the single. The video, which is directed by Ben Mor, features on stage and backstage footage of the group during The E.N.D. World Tour in 2009–2010. The video premiered on Vevo on May 12, 2011.
On May 22, the group appeared on the 2011 Billboard Music Awards and won 1 of the 4 nominations,for "Top Duo/Group". They also performed "Just Can't Get Enough", "The Time (Dirty Bit)", "Boom Boom Pow", and "I Gotta Feeling". The performance received good reviews.
On June 9, the group were scheduled to perform a free concert, "Chase Presents The Black Eyed Peas and Friends", for over 50,000 people in New York City's Central Park,^[25] with guests including MC Hammer and Taylor Swift.^{[citation needed]} Money raised went to the Robin Hood Foundation, a charity organization for people in poverty in New York City. The concert was cancelled due to thunderstorms and lightning, but is hoped to be rescheduled in the near future.^[26][27]
On June 25, Ubisoft announced they are developing a Black Eyed Peas dance video game for Kinect and Wii.^[28]
During their concert at Alton Towers in Staffordshire on the July 6, 2011, The Black Eyed Peas announced they are taking a break following completion of their current tour, as they did between 2005 and 2009. Will.i.am later confirmed the news on Twitter, adding that the break does not mean they will stop creating.^[29]

The Group

Current members

• William Adams – vocals, songwriter, music maker, producer, Composer (1995–present)
• Stacy Ferguson – vocals, songwriter (2002–present)
• Jaime Gomez – vocals, songwriter (1995–present)
• Allan Pineda – vocals, songwriter, producer (1995–present)

Past members

• Kim Hill (1995–2000)
• Dante Santiago (1990-1995)
• Sierra Swan (1998)

Musicians – Live Members

• George Pajon, Jr. – Guitar
• Tim Izo – Saxophone, Flute, MPC
• Printz Board – Keys, Bass, Trumpet, Musical Director
• Keith Harris – Drums
• DJ Ammo - Dj

Discography

Main article: The Black Eyed Peas discography

• Grass Roots (Atban Klann) (Unreleased)
• Behind the Front (1998)
• Bridging the Gap (2000)
• Elephunk (2003)
• Monkey Business (2005)
• The E.N.D. (2009)
• The Beginning (2010)

Tours

• Elephunk Tour (2004)
• Monkey Business Tour (2005–2006) (Worldwide)
• Honda Civic Tour (2006)
• Black Blue & You Tour (2007)
• The E.N.D. World Tour (2009–2010) (WW)
• The Beginning Massive Stadium Tour (2011) (WW)

Awards and Nominations

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by The Black Eyed Peas

The Black Eyed Peas have won a total of 80 awards and they have had 116 nominations. They have won 6 Grammy Awards (with 16 nominations). They have been nominated for other awards including: Billboard Music Awards, Brit Awards, People's Choice Awards, MTV Video Music Awards Japan, International Dance Music Awards, Billboard Awards, ARIA Awards.

Notes

1. ^ . http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/black-eyed-peas. 
2. ^ "Black Eyed Peas set downloads record". BBC News. June 21, 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/hi/music/newsid_10340000/newsid_10340800/10340829.stm. 
3. ^ ^{a b} Kellman, Andy. "The Black Eyed Peas". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-black-eyed-peas-p302855/biography. Retrieved January 4, 2011. 
4. ^ "The E.N.D. (The Energy Never Dies)". Rolling Stone. June 8, 2009. http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/28503103/review/28565349/the_end_the_energy_never_dies. 
5. ^ "Fergie in-depth interview by Pete Lewis, 'Blues & Soul' January 2008". Bluesandsoul.com. http://www.bluesandsoul.com/feature/236/fergie_finally_talks_hip-hop/. Retrieved September 10, 2010. 
6. ^ "Taboo Talks Justin Timberlake Rap Session". 2009. http://talkoffame.com/?p=770. Retrieved 2009. 
7. ^ "Allmusic.com". http://www.allmusic.com/album/r740971. 
8. ^ Lamb, Billy (May 6, 2006). "Black Eyed Peas and Pussycat Dolls in Concert". About.com. http://top40.about.com/od/concertreviews/fr/beppcdconc.htm. 
9. ^ "HondaCivicTour.com". http://www.HondaCivicTour.com. Retrieved April 27, 2007. 
10. ^ (French) L'été magique de David Guetta, roi des nightclubbers – Le Figaro
11. ^ "Black Eyed Peas E.N.D. Up At No. 1 On Billboard 200". June 17, 2009. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/black-eyed-peas-e-n-d-up-at-no-1-on-billboard-1003985032.story. Retrieved July 9, 2009. 
12. ^ "Alan Carr: Chatty Man – Series 1 – Episode 3 – Alan Carr: Chatty Man". Channel 4. http://www.channel4.com/programmes/alan-carr-chatty-man/episode-guide/series-1/episode-3. Retrieved August 9, 2009. 
13. ^ "Malta Special 2009". Isle of MTV. http://www.isleofmtv.com/en/index.html#/Artist09. Retrieved August 9, 2009. 
14. ^ Up for DiscussionPost Comment (July 30, 2009). "Black Eyed Peas Set Billboard Hot 100 Record". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/news/black-eyed-peas-set-billboard-hot-100-record-1003998841.story#/news/black-eyed-peas-set-billboard-hot-100-record-1003998841.story. Retrieved August 9, 2009. 
15. ^ Adelaide Now (July 1, 2009). "Peas Step Out Of Pod". The Advertiser. http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/story/0,22606,25719032-5018684,00.html. 
16. ^ Video hosted by YouTube showing the 21,000 dancers.
17. ^ "Studio Daily Blog » AEG Network Live Broadcasts Black Eyed Peas in 3D". Studiodaily.com. April 2, 2010. http://www.studiodaily.com/blog/?p=2940. Retrieved September 10, 2010. 
18. ^ "Dimension3 Expo". Dimension3 Expo. http://www.dimension3-expo.com/uk/festival.php. Retrieved September 10, 2010. 
19. ^ "MusicSearch Blog – Black Eyed Peas Reveal New Album Details!". BlackEyedPeas.com. June 10, 2010. http://musicsearch.comlu.com/blog/?p=1530. Retrieved September 10, 2010. 
20. ^ "MusicSearch Blog – Black Eyed Peas reveal new single "The Time (Dirty Bit)" [AUDIO"]. MusicSearch. October 21, 2010. http://musicsearch.comlu.com/blog/?p=2614. Retrieved October 21, 2010. 
21. ^ "Black Eyed Peas Meet The Big Issue". BlackEyedPeas.com. June 10, 2010. http://www.blackeyedpeas.com/home/news/802829. Retrieved September 10, 2010. 
22. ^ Nordyke, Kimberly (February 7, 2011). "Twitter Users Mixed Over Black Eyed Peas' Halftime Show at Super Bowl XLV". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/twitter-users-mixed-black-eyed-97015. 
23. ^ Martens, Todd (February 7, 2011). "The Black Eyed Peas at the Super Bowl: Pop absurdity at its finest". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2011/02/the-black-eyed-peas-at-the-super-bowl-absurdity-at-its-finest.html. 
24. ^ "Twelve Things about the Super Bowl halftime show". AOL. February 4, 2011. http://kids.aol.com/2011/02/04/twelve-things-about-the-super-bowl-halftime-show/. 
25. ^ "Black Eyed Peas performing a free New York City concert in June to benefit Robin Hood Foundation", Daily News, New York: Associated Press, May 2, 2011, retrieved June 26, 2011
26. ^ "Cancelled: Chase Presents the Black Eyed Peas and Friends", NYC Department of Parks and Recreation, June 9, 2011, retrieved June 26, 2011
27. ^ "Concert 4 NYC Follow Up", Robin Hood Foundation, June 10, 2011, retrieved June 26, 2011.
28. ^ "Announcing The Black Eyed Peas Experience". The Black Eyed Peas. June 25, 2011. http://www.blackeyedpeas.com/home/news/827939. Retrieved June 26, 2011. 
29. ^ "Black Eyed Peas Take Indefinite Break", MTV UK, July 9, 2011, http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/black-eyed-peas/news/322913-black-eye-peas-take-indefinite-break-william-fergie, retrieved July 9, 2011

 

Avril Lavigne Biography

Avril Lavigne

Avril Ramona Lavigne (pronunciation: /ˈævrɨl ləˈviːn/; av-ril lə-veen; born 27 September 1984) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, fashion designer, actress, and philanthropist. She was born in Belleville, Ontario, but spent the majority of her youth in the small town of Napanee. By the age of 15, she had appeared on stage with Shania Twain; by 16, she had signed a two-album recording contract with Arista (now RCA Records) worth more than $2 million. In 2002, when she was 17 years old, Lavigne broke onto the music scene with her debut album Let Go.
Let Go made Lavigne the youngest female soloist to reach No. 1 in the UK, and the album was certified four-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. By 2009, over 16 million copies had been sold worldwide. Her breakthrough single, "Complicated", peaked at No. 1 in many countries around the world, as did the album Let Go. Her second album, Under My Skin, was released in 2004 and was her first album to peak at No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard 200, eventually selling more than 10 million copies worldwide. The Best Damn Thing, Lavigne’s third album, was released in 2007, becoming her third No. 1 album in the UK Albums Chart and featuring her first U.S. Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 single, "Girlfriend". Lavigne has scored a total of five No. 1 singles worldwide, including "Complicated", "Sk8er Boi", "I'm with You", "My Happy Ending" and "Girlfriend". With more than 30 million copies of her albums sold worldwide, Lavigne is currently one of the top-selling artists releasing albums in the U.S., with over 10.25 million copies certified by the RIAA. Her fourth studio album, Goodbye Lullaby, was released in March 2011. Goodbye Lullaby gave Lavigne her fourth top 10 album on the U.S. Billboard 200 and the UK Albums Chart and her third No. 1 album in both Japan and Australia. Three months after the release of Goodbye Lullaby, Lavigne began work on her fifth album.
Lavigne branched out from recording music, pursuing careers in feature film acting and designing clothes and perfumes. She voiced a character in the animated film, Over the Hedge, in 2006. That same year, she made her on-screen feature film debut in Fast Food Nation. In 2008, Lavigne introduced her clothing line, Abbey Dawn, and in 2009, she released her first perfume, Black Star, which was followed by her second perfume, Forbidden Rose, in 2010. In July 2006, Lavigne married her boyfriend of two years, Deryck Whibley, lead singer and guitarist for Sum 41. The marriage lasted a little over three years, and in October 2009, Lavigne filed for divorce. Whibley and Lavigne continued to work together, with Whibley producing her fourth album, as well as Lavigne's single, "Alice", written for Tim Burton's film Alice in Wonderland.

Contents [hide] 1 Early life 2 Music career 2.1 2000–03: Let Go 2.2 2004–05: Under My Skin 2.3 2006–08: The Best Damn Thing 2.4 2009–present: Goodbye Lullaby and fifth studio album 3 Musical style and songwriting 4 Other work 4.1 Film career 4.2 Entrepreneurship 4.3 Philanthropy 5 Personal life 5.1 Public image 5.2 Tattoos 5.3 Marriage to Deryck Whibley 6 Backing band 7 Filmography 8 Discography 9 See also 10 References 11 External links

Early life

Avril Ramona Lavigne was born in Belleville, Ontario. Her father, Jean-Claude Lavigne, named her "Avril" after the French word for the month of April. At the age of two, she began singing church songs along with her mother,^[1] Judith-Rosanne "Judy" (née Loshaw). Judy recognized her two year old daughter's talents after hearing her sing "Jesus Loves Me" in church.^[2] Lavigne has an older brother, Matthew, and a younger sister, Michelle,^[3] both of whom teased her when she sang. "My brother used to knock on the wall because I used to sing myself to sleep and he thought it was really annoying."^[2]
When Lavigne was five years old, the family moved to Napanee, Ontario,^[1] a town with an approximate population of 5,000.^[4][5][6] Although she struggled with paying attention in school, sometimes getting kicked out of class for misbehaving, her parents were supportive of her singing. Her father bought her a microphone, a drum kit, a keyboard, several guitars, and converted their basement into a studio. When Lavigne was 14, her parents would take her to karaoke sessions.^[7] Lavigne also performed at country fairs, singing songs by Garth Brooks, The Dixie Chicks, and Shania Twain. She also began writing her own songs. Her first song was called "Can't Stop Thinking About You", about a teenage crush, which she described as "cheesy cute".^[8]

“	I’ve known all my life that this is what I was supposed to do.... Visualizing like what it would be like to be famous with my music. And always just dreaming, always daydreaming.	”
—Avril Lavigne, NBC News[7]

In 1999,^[9] Lavigne won a radio contest to perform with fellow Canadian singer Shania Twain at the Corel Centre (now Scotiabank Place) in Ottawa, before an audience of 20,000 people.^[1][4] Twain and Lavigne sang "What Made You Say That",^[1] and Lavigne told Twain she was going to be "a famous singer".^[4] During a performance with the Lennox Community Theatre, Lavigne was spotted by local folk singer Stephen Medd. He invited her to contribute vocals on his song, "Touch the Sky", for his 1999 album, Quinte Spirit. She later sang on "Temple of Life" and "Two Rivers" for his follow-up album, My Window to You, in 2000. In December 1999, Lavigne was discovered by her first professional manager, Cliff Fabri, while singing country covers at a Chapters bookstore in Kingston, Ontario.^[1][4] Fabri sent out VHS tapes of Lavigne's home performances to several industry prospects, and Lavigne was visited by several executives.^[10] Mark Jowett, co-founder of the Canadian management firm Nettwerk, received a copy of Lavigne's karaoke performances recorded in her parents' basement,^[11] and arranged for Lavigne to work with Peter Zizzo in New York during the summer of 2000, where she wrote the song "Why?". It was on a subsequent trip to New York that Lavigne was noticed by Arista Records.^[10]
Lavigne would go on to sell more than 30 million copies of her albums worldwide,^[12] becoming one of the top-selling artists releasing albums in the U.S., with over 10.25 million copies certified by the RIAA.^[13] In 2009, Billboard named Lavigne the No. 10 pop artist in the "Best of the 2000s" chart, and she was listed as the 28th overall best act of the decade based on album sales, chart success, and cultural relativity in the U.S.^[14][15]

Music career

2000–03: Let Go

Main article: Let Go (Avril Lavigne album)

In November 2000,^[5] Ken Krongard, an A&R representative, invited Antonio "L.A." Reid, then-head of Arista Records, to producer Peter Zizzo's Manhattan studio to hear Lavigne sing. Her 15-minute audition "so impressed" Reid, he immediately signed her to Arista with a deal worth $1.25 million for two albums and an extra $900,000 for a publishing advance.^[6][1] By this time, Lavigne had found that she fit in naturally with her hometown high school's skater clique, an image that carried through to her first album, but although she enjoyed skateboarding, school left her feeling insecure. Armed with a record deal, she dropped out to focus on her music career,^[5] but she still had to inform her parents of her decision. "I wasn't going to turn [the record deal] down. It's been my dream all my life. They knew how much I wanted this and how much I've put into it."^[16][8]
Lavigne released her debut album, Let Go, on 4 June 2002 in the U.S., where it reached No. 2 on the Billboard 200. It peaked at No. 1 on the Australian, Canadian and United Kingdom charts. This made Lavigne, at 17 years old, the youngest female soloist to have a No. 1 album in the UK until that time.^[17] By the end of 2002, the album was certified four-times platinum by the RIAA, making her the bestselling female artist of 2002 and Let Go the top-selling debut of the year.^[18] By May 2003, Let Go had accumulated over 1,000,000 sales in Canada, receiving a diamond certification from the Canadian Recording Industry Association.^[19] As of 2009, the album has sold over 16 million units worldwide,^[20] and the RIAA has certified the album six-times platinum, denoting shipments of over six million units in the U.S.^[21]

“	I don't get overwhelmed, just because I feel like I've kind of prepared myself for it. All my life this is what I've wanted, what I've dreamed about, and I knew this would happen. I've been singing ever since I was really young and I've wanted this so bad, and I told myself I would do it.	”
—Avril Lavigne on her success, MTV[5]

Lavigne's debut single and the album's lead single, "Complicated", peaked at No. 1 in Australia and No. 2 in the U.S. "Complicated" was one of the bestselling Canadian singles of 2002, and it was also featured on the teen television show, Dawson's Creek. "Complicated" later ranked on the Hot 100 Singles of the Decade list at No. 83.^[22]
Subsequent singles, "Sk8er Boi" and "I'm With You" reached the top ten in the U.S.^[23] Thanks to the success of her first three singles, Lavigne was the second artist in history to have three No. 1 songs from a debut album on the Billboard Mainstream Top 40.^[24] For the music video to "Complicated", Lavigne was named Best New Artist at the 2002 MTV Video Music Awards.^[25] She won four Juno Awards in 2003 out of six nominations,^[26] received a World Music Award for "World's Bestselling Canadian Singer", and was nominated for eight Grammy Awards, including Best New Artist and Song of the Year for "Complicated" (2003).^[27]
In 2002, Lavigne made a cameo appearance in the music video to "Hundred Million" by the pop punk band Treble Charger.^[28] In March 2003, Lavigne posed for the cover of Rolling Stone magazine^[29] and, later in May,^[30] performed "Fuel" during MTV's Icon tribute to Metallica.^[31] During her first headlining tour, the Try To Shut Me Up Tour, Lavigne covered Green Day's "Basket Case".^[32]
Lavigne was featured in the 2003 game, The Sims: Superstar, as a non-playable celebrity.^[33]

2004–05: Under My Skin

Main article: Under My Skin (Avril Lavigne album)

Lavigne in Vancouver, Canada during the Live and By Surprise mall tour

Lavigne co-wrote "Breakaway" with Matthew Gerard, which was recorded by Kelly Clarkson for the soundtrack to the 2004 film The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement.^[34] "Breakaway" would later be included on Clarkson's second album and released as the album's lead single. Lavigne covered the Goo Goo Dolls song "Iris", performed with the band's lead singer John Rzeznik at Fashion Rocks,^[35] and she posed for the cover of Maxim in October 2004.^[36] She also recorded the theme song for The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. "I made the song a little more edgy," Lavigne said. "There are a lot of loud guitars, and we picked the tempo up a little and sang it with a little more attitude." Lavigne rearranged the song with the help of producer Butch Walker.^[37]
Lavigne's second studio album, Under My Skin, was released on 25 May 2004, debuting at No. 1 in several countries, including Australia, Mexico, Canada, Japan, the UK, and the U.S.^[38] The album has sold more than 10 million copies. Lavigne wrote most of the album's tracks with Canadian singer-songwriter Chantal Kreviazuk. Kreviazuk's husband, Our Lady Peace front man Raine Maida, co-produced the album, along with Butch Walker and Don Gilmore. Lavigne went on the Live and By Surprise twenty-one city mall tour in the U.S. and Canada to promote the album, accompanied by her guitarist, Evan Taubenfeld. Each performance consisted of a short live acoustic set of songs from the new album. At the end of 2004, Lavigne embarked on her first world tour, the Bonez Tour, with stopovers in almost every continent and which lasted for the entire 2005 year.

“	This record definitely proves that I'm a writer and people can't knock that, because each song comes from a personal experience of mine, and there are so much emotions in those songs.	”
—Avril Lavigne, The Ledger[39]

"Don't Tell Me", the first single off the album, went to No. 1 in Argentina and Mexico and reached the top five in the UK and Canada and the top ten in Australia and Brazil. "My Happy Ending", the album's lead single, went to No. 1 in Mexico and the top five in the UK and Australia. In the U.S., it reached the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 and went to No. 1 in the Mainstream Top 40, making it her fourth-biggest hit there. The third single, "Nobody's Home", did not make the top 40 in the U.S., reaching No. 1 only in Mexico and Argentina. The fourth single from the album, "He Wasn't", reached top 40 positions in the UK and Australia and was not released in the U.S.^[40]
Lavigne won two World Music Awards in 2004 for "World's Best Pop/Rock Artist" and "World's Bestselling Canadian Artist". She received five Juno Award nominations in 2005, and picked up three, including "Artist of the Year". She won the award for "Favorite Female Singer" at the eighteenth annual Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards^[41] and was nominated in every MTV Award show shown around the world.

2006–08: The Best Damn Thing

Main article: The Best Damn Thing

On 26 February 2006, Lavigne represented Canada at the closing ceremony of the Torino Olympics, performing her song "Who Knows" during the eight minute Vancouver 2010 portion.^[42]
While Lavigne was in the studio for her third studio album, Fox Entertainment Group approached her to write a song for the soundtrack to the 2006 fantasy-adventure film Eragon. She wrote and recorded two "ballad-type" songs, but only one, "Keep Holding On", ended up being used for the film.^[43] Lavigne admitted that writing the song was challenging, making sure it flowed along with the film. She emphasized that "Keep Holding On", which later appeared on the album, was not indicative of what the next album would be like.^[44][45]

Lavigne in 2007 at a press conference in Hong Kong, promoting The Best Damn Thing

Lavigne's third album, The Best Damn Thing, was released on 17 April 2007, which Lavigne immediately promoted with a small tour. Its lead single, "Girlfriend", topped the Billboard Hot 100 the same week The Best Damn Thing debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart. "Girlfriend" was Lavigne's first single to reach this No. 1 position.^[46] The single was a worldwide hit; it also peaked at No. 1 in Australia, Canada, Japan, and Italy and reached No. 2 in the UK and France. "Girlfriend" was recorded in Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, German, Japanese, and Mandarin. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry ranked "Girlfriend" as the most-downloaded track worldwide in 2007, selling 7.3 million copies, including the versions recorded in eight different languages.^[47][12] "Girlfriend" ranked on the Hot 100 Singles of the Decade list at No. 94.^[48]
"When You're Gone", the second single, went to No. 3 in the UK, the top five in Australia and Italy, the top ten in Canada, and was very close to reaching the top twenty in the U.S. In December 2007, Lavigne, with annual earnings of $12 million, was ranked number eight in the Forbes "Top 20 Earners Under 25".^[49] "Hot" was the third single and has been Lavigne's least successful single in the U.S., charting only at No. 95. In Canada, "Hot" made the top ten, and in Australia, the top 20. The Best Damn Thing has sold over 6 million copies worldwide.
During this era, Lavigne won nearly every award she was nominated for, including two World Music Awards for "World's Bestselling Canadian Artist" and "World's Best Pop/Rock Female Artist". She took her first two MTV Europe Music Awards, received one Teen Choice Awards for "Summer Single", and was nominated for five Juno awards.
In mid-2007, Lavigne was featured in a two-volume graphic novel, Avril Lavigne's Make 5 Wishes. She collaborated with artist Camilla D’Errico and writer Joshua Dysart on the manga, which was about a shy girl named Hana who, upon meeting her hero Avril Lavigne, learned to overcome her fears. Lavigne said, "I know that many of my fans read manga, and I'm really excited to be involved in creating stories that I know they will enjoy." The volumes were released on 10 April (one week prior to the release of The Best Damn Thing) and in July, respectively. The publication Young Adult Library Services nominated the series for "Great Graphic Novels for Teens".^[50]
In March 2008, Lavigne undertook a world tour named The Best Damn Tour to support the album. In that same month, she also appeared on the cover of Maxim for the second time of her career.^[51] In mid-August, Malaysia's Islamic opposition party, the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party, attempted to ban Lavigne's show in Kuala Lumpur, judging her stage moves "too sexy". Her concert on 29 August was considered as promoting wrong values ahead of Malaysia's independence day on 31 August.^[52] On 21 August 2008, MTV reported that the concert had been approved by the Malaysian government.^[53]

2009–present: Goodbye Lullaby and fifth studio album

Main article: Goodbye Lullaby

Lavigne singing in Florida during her Black Star Tour, May 2011.

Only a month after completing The Best Damn Tour, Lavigne began recording in her home studio in November 2008 with the song "Black Star",^[54] written to help promote her first fragrance of the same name.^[55] By July 2009, nine tracks had been recorded for the new album,^[54] including the songs "Fine", "Everybody Hurts" and "Darlin". Several of the tracks were written in Lavigne's youth. "Darlin" was the second song Lavigne wrote as a 15-year-old while living in Napanee, Ontario. Lavigne described the album as being about "life". She stated, "It's so easy for me to do a boy-bashing pop song, but to sit down and write honestly about something that's really close to me, something I've been through, it's a totally different thing."^[55] The album is expected to be a return to Lavigne's older musical style and may be largely acoustic.^[56] With the exception of the album's lead single, "What the Hell", Lavigne described the songs on the album as different from her earlier material: "I'm older now, so I think that comes across in my music, it's not as pop-rock".^[57]
In January 2010, while simultaneously writing and recording for her new album, Lavigne worked with Disney on Alice in Wonderland-themed clothing designs, inspired by Tim Burton's feature film, Alice in Wonderland. She asked the executives if she could write a song for the film. The result was the song "Alice",^[58] which was played over the end credits^[59] and included on the soundtrack, Almost Alice.^[60]
On 28 February, Lavigne gave a performance at the concert portion of the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics closing ceremony, performing "My Happy Ending" and "Girlfriend".^[61] Lavigne was honoured to perform at the ceremonies, but she regretted not being able to attend the U.S. vs. Canada hockey match. "They had us on lockdown. We weren't allowed to leave our trailers, for security purposes."^[62]
In September, Lavigne's third single from her debut album, "I'm With You", was sampled by Rihanna on the track "Cheers (Drink to That)", which is featured on Rihanna's fifth studio album, Loud.^[63][64] In December, American singer Miranda Cosgrove released "Dancing Crazy", a song written by Lavigne, Max Martin and Shellback. It was also produced by Martin.^[65]
The release dates for Goodbye Lullaby and its lead single were pushed back several times. In response to these delays, Lavigne said, "I write my own music and, therefore, it takes me longer to put out records 'cause I have to live my life to get inspiration,"^[66] and that she had enough material for two records.^[66] In November, Lavigne was featured in Maxim, where she revealed that Goodbye Lullaby took two and a half years to complete,^[67] but she cited her record company as the reason for the album's delays, stating that the album had been completed for a year.^[68]. Goodbye Lullaby was released on 8 March.^[69][57] The lead single, "What the Hell", premiered on Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve on 31 December.^[69]
Three months after the release of Goodbye Lullaby, Lavigne announced that work on her fifth studio album had already begun, with eight songs written so far. The new album will musically be the opposite of Goodbye Lullaby. Lavigne explained, "[Goodbye Lullaby] was more mellow, [but] the next one will be pop and more fun again. I already have a song that I know is going to be a single, I just need to re-record it!"^[70][71][72]

Musical style and songwriting

“	I know my fans look up to me and that's why I make my songs so personal; it's all about things I've experienced and things I like or hate. I write for myself and hope that my fans like what I have to say.	”
—Avril Lavigne, Girl.com.au[73]

Themes in Lavigne's music include messages of self-empowerment from a female or adolescent point of view.^[74] Lavigne believes her "songs are about being yourself no matter what and going after your dreams even if your dreams are crazy and even if people tell you they're never going to come true."^[73] On her debut album, Let Go, Lavigne preferred the less mainstream songs, such as "Losing Grip", instead of her more radio-friendly singles, such as "Complicated", saying that "the songs I did with the Matrix... were good for my first record, but I don't want to be that pop anymore."^[75] Lavigne's second album, Under My Skin, had more personal themes underlying each song. Lavigne explained, "I've gone through so much, so that's what I talk about.... Like boys, like dating or relationships".^[76] In contrast, her third album, The Best Damn Thing, was not very personal to her. "Some of the songs I wrote didn't even mean that much to me. It's not like some personal thing I'm going through."^[77] Her objective in writing the album was simply to "make it fun".^[78] Goodbye Lullaby, Lavigne's fourth album, was much more personal than her earlier records,^[54] with Lavigne describing the album as "more stripped down, deeper. All the songs are very emotional".^[79]
Lavigne has an alto vocal range.^[74] Growing up, Lavigne listened to Blink-182, Goo Goo Dolls, Matchbox Twenty and Shania Twain,^[75] and her influences include Courtney Love and Janis Joplin.^[76] Because of these influences, musical genres, and her personal style, the media frequently defined her as punk, something she denied being. Lavigne’s close friend and guitarist, Evan Taubenfeld, said, "It's a very touchy subject to a lot of people, but the point is that Avril isn't punk, but she never really pretended to claim to come from that scene. She had pop punk music and the media ended up doing the rest".^[80] Lavigne also commented on the matter: "I have been labeled like I'm this angry girl, [a] rebel... punk, and I am so not any of them."^[39]
While Lavigne denied being angry, her interviews were still passionate about the media's lack of respect for her songwriting. "I am a writer, and I won't accept people trying to take that away from me", adding that she'd been writing "full-structured songs" since she was 14.^[39] Despite this, Lavigne’s songwriting has been questioned throughout her career. The songwriting trio, the Matrix, with whom Lavigne wrote songs for her debut album, claimed that they were the main songwriters of Lavigne’s singles, "Complicated", "Sk8er Boi" and "I'm with You". Lavigne denied this, asserting that she was the primary songwriter for every song on the album. "[N]one of those songs aren't from me".^[75] In 2007, Chantal Kreviazuk, who wrote with Lavigne on her second album, accused Lavigne of plagiarism^[81] and criticised her songwriting. "Avril doesn't really sit and write songs by herself or anything".^[82] Lavigne also disclaimed this, and considered taking legal action against Kreviazuk for "clear defamation" against her character.^[82] Kreviazuk later apologised: "Avril is an accomplished songwriter and it has been my privilege to work with her".^[81] Shortly thereafter, Tommy Dunbar, founder of the 1970s band, the Rubinoos, sued Lavigne, her publishing company, and Lukasz "Dr. Luke" Gottwald for allegedly stealing parts of "I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend" for her song "Girlfriend".^[83] Gottwald defended Lavigne, stating, "me and Avril wrote the song together…. It has the same chord progressions as ten different Blink-182 songs, the standard changes you'd find in a Sum 41 song. It's the Sex Pistols, not the Rubinoos."^[82] In January 2008, the lawsuit was closed after a confidential settlement had been reached.^[84]

Other work

Film career

Lavigne became interested in appearing on television and in feature films. The decision, she said, was entirely her own. Although her years of experience in making music videos would be to her advantage, Lavigne admitted that it was the singing that actually removed any fear of performing before the camera. She specifically mentioned that the video "Nobody's Home" had the most amount of actual "acting" in it.^[73] Her first television appearance was in a 2002 episode of Sabrina, the Teenage Witch,^[85] performing "Sk8er Boi"^[86] with her band in a nightclub.^[87] She later made a cameo appearance in the 2004 film Going the Distance. The main characters bump into her backstage at the MuchMusic Video Awards^[88] after her performance of "Losing Grip".^[89]

Lavigne at the Los Angeles premiere of Over the Hedge on 30 April 2006.

She moved into feature film acting cautiously, choosing deliberately small roles to begin with. In November 2005, after going through an audition to land the role, Lavigne travelled to New Mexico^[90] to film a single scene in the 2007 film, The Flock.^[91] She starred as Beatrice Bell, the girlfriend of a crime suspect, appearing alongside Claire Danes and Richard Gere. Gere gave Lavigne acting tips in-between takes.^[91] On her role in The Flock, Lavigne said, "I did that just to see how it was and to not jump into [mainstream acting] too fast".^[73] The Flock would not be released in American theaters, and because it would not be released in foreign markets until late 2007, it would not be considered Lavigne's debut. The film made $7 million in the foreign box office.^[92]
Lavigne's feature film debut was voicing an animated character in the 2006 film Over the Hedge, based on the comic strip of the same name. She voiced the character Heather, a Virginia Opossum. The process of recording the characters' voices was devoid of interaction with other actors. Lavigne stated, "All the actors went in individually, and [director] Tim and [screenwriter Karey] and directors were there with me every time I went in, and they made it go so smoothly; they made me feel comfortable.... That was the interesting part, going in by yourself, with no one else to kind of feed off of."^[93] Lavigne found the recording process to be "easy" and "natural", but she kept hitting the microphone as she gestured while acting. "I'd use my hands constantly and, like, hit the microphone stand and make noises, so Tim and Karey had to tell me to hold still.... It's hard to be running or falling down the stairs and have to make those sounds come out of your mouth but keep your body still." Lavigne believed she was hired to perform Heather due to her rock star status. "[The director] thought I'd give my character... a bit of attitude".^[73] The film opened on 19 May 2006, making $38 million over its opening weekend. It went on to gross $336 million worldwide.^[94]
In December 2005, Lavigne signed on to appear in Fast Food Nation, based on the book Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal.^[95] The fictionalized adaptation, directed by Richard Linklater, traces fast-food hamburgers contaminated with cow feces back to the slaughterhouses.^[96] Lavigne starred in her on-screen acting debut^[97] as a high school student intent on freeing the cows.^[98] The film opened on 17 November 2006 and remained in theaters for 11 weeks, grossing $2 million worldwide.^[99]
Both Over the Hedge and Fast Food Nation opened at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival, which Lavigne attended. Lavigne felt honoured to be able to attend and was proud of her work. When asked if she would pursue her film career, she stated that she wanted to take her time and wait for the "right parts and the right movies." Lavigne was aware of the roles she had chosen. "I wanted to start off small and to learn [that] I wouldn't just want to throw myself into a big part."^[73] In August 2006, Canadian Business magazine ranked her as the seventh top Canadian actor in Hollywood in their second-annual ranking Celebrity Power List. The results were determined by comparing salary, Internet hits, TV mentions, and press hits.^[100]

Entrepreneurship

In July 2008, Lavigne launched the clothing line Abbey Dawn, featuring a back-to-school collection.^[12] It is produced by Kohl's, which is the brand's exclusive U.S. retailer. Named after Lavigne's childhood nickname, Abbey Dawn is designed by Lavigne herself.^[101][102] Kohl's describes Abbey Dawn as a "juniors lifestyle brand",^[12] which incorporates skull, zebra, and star patterns, purples and "hot pinks and blacks". Lavigne, who wore some of the clothes and jewellery from her line at various concerts before its official launch, pointed out that she was not merely licensing her name to the collection. "I actually am the designer. What's really important to me is that everything fits well and is well-made, so I try everything on and approve it all."^[103]

“	I just love clothes and colors and patterns. I'm very visual and very hands-on.	”
—Avril Lavigne, Billboard[104]

The designs were also featured on the Internet game Stardoll, where figures can be dressed up as Avril Lavigne.^[105] On 14 September 2009, Lavigne took her latest collection for her clothing line to be a part of the New York Fashion Week.^[106] "It's fun to be a chick and design clothes and things I'd like for myself. I design things I [can't] find."^[62] In December 2010, the clothing line was made available to over 50 countries via the line's official website.^[107][79] At the end of 2008, Lavigne signed a contract with Canon Canada to appear in ad campaigns and commercials to promote the latest line of cameras, along with a full range of other accessories.^[108]
Lavigne released her first fragrance, Black Star, created by Procter & Gamble Prestige Products. The fragrance was announced via Lavigne's official website on 7 March 2009. Black Star, which features notes of pink hibiscus, black plum and dark chocolate, was released in summer 2009 in Europe, and later in the U.S. and Canada.^[109] When asked what the name meant, Lavigne replied, "I wanted [the bottle] to be a star, and my colors are pink and black, and Black Star resembles being different, and standing out in the crowd, and reaching for the stars; the whole message is just about following your dreams, and it's okay to be unique and be who you are."^[110] Black Star won the 2010 Best "Women's Scent Mass" by Cosmetic Executive Women (CEW).^[111] Black Star was followed by a second fragrance in July 2010,^[112] Forbidden Rose, which took two years to develop.^[113] It features notes of red apple, winepeach, black pepper, lotusflower, heliotrope, shellflower, praline agreement, sandalwood, and vanilla.^[112] Its message is an extension of Black Star's "follow your dreams",^[114] though the tagline for the new perfume is "Dare to Discover".^[115] The commercial takes place in a gothic garden setting,^[114] where Lavigne, upon entering the garden, finds a single, purple rose.^[115] Lavigne is to launch a third fragrance in August 2011 and filmed the commercial for it in late 2010.^[79]
In January 2010, Lavigne began working with Disney to incorporate Alice in Wonderland-inspired designs into her Abbey Dawn line of clothing.^[58] Her designs were exhibited at the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising in California beginning in May through September, alongside Colleen Atwood's costumes from the 2010 film.^[116]

Philanthropy

Lavigne has been involved in a number of charitable activities, such as Make Some Noise, Amnesty International, Erase MS, AmericanCPR.org, Camp Will-a-Way, Music Clearing Minefields, U.S. Campaign for Burma, Make-a-Wish Foundation and War Child. She has also appeared in ALDO ads with YouthAIDS to raise money to educate people worldwide about HIV/AIDS. Lavigne took part in the Unite Against AIDS concert presented by ALDO in support of Unicef on 28 November 2007 at the Bell Centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.^[117] In November 2010, Lavigne attended the Clinton Global Initiative.^[118]
Lavigne worked with Reverb, a non-profit environmental organization, for her 2005 east coast tour.^[119] She covered "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" for War Child's Peace Songs compilation, and she recorded a cover of the John Lennon song "Imagine" as her contribution to the compilation album Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur. Released on 12 June 2007, the album was produced to benefit Amnesty International's campaign to alleviate the crisis in Darfur.^[120]
On 5 December 2009, Lavigne returned to the stage in Mexico City during the biggest charity event in Latin America, "Teleton". She performed acoustic versions of her hits "Complicated" and "Girlfriend" with Evan Taubenfeld and band member, Jim McGorman.^[121] In 2010, Lavigne was one of several artists who contributed their voices to a cover of K'naan's "Wavin' Flag" as a benefit single to help raise money for several charity organizations related to the 2010 Haiti earthquake.^[122]
On 14 September 2010, Lavigne introduced her charity, "The Avril Lavigne Foundation". The next day, the foundation's official website was launched. The foundation aims to help young people with serious illnesses and disabilities^[118][123] and works with leading charitable organizations;^[107] The foundation partners with the Easter Seals, Make-A-Wish foundation and Erase MS,^[124] the latter two being charities Lavigne has previously worked with. Her work with the Make-A-Wish foundation was the inspiration behind her own charity, with Lavigne stating, "I just really wanted to do more".^[123] Lavigne said on the foundation's website, "I have always looked for ways to give back because I think it’s a responsibility we all share".^[125] Philanthropist Trevor Neilson's 12-person firm, "Global Philanthropy Group", advises Lavigne with her foundation as well as several other celebrities, including musician John Legend.^[118]

Personal life

Public image

“	I have to fight to keep my image really me.... I rejected some gorgeous publicity shots because they just didn't look like me. I won't wear skanky clothes that show my booty, my belly or my boobs. I have a great body.	”
—Avril Lavigne, MTV[5]

When Lavigne first gained publicity, she was known for her tomboyish style,^[126] in particular her necktie and tank-top combinations.^[127][128] She preferred baggy clothes, skater shoes or Converses,^[62] wristbands, and sometimes shoelaces wrapped around her fingers.^[7] During photo shoots, instead of wearing "glittery get-ups", she preferred wearing "old, crumpled T's".^[5] In response to her fashion and musical influences, the media would call her the "pop punk princess".^[129][130] Press and fans regarded her as the "anti-Britney", in part because of her less-commercial and "real" image, but also because she was noticeably headstrong. "I’m not made up and I’m not being told what to say and how to act, so they have to call me the anti-Britney, which I’m not."^[7] By November 2002, however, Lavigne stopped wearing ties, claiming she felt she was "wearing a costume".^[6] Lavigne made a conscious effort to keep her music, and not her image, at the forefront of her career. "I'm just saying, I don't want to sell sex. I feel that's sort of lame and low. I've got so much more to say."^[131]
Lavigne eventually took on a more gothic style as she began her second album, Under My Skin, trading her skating outfits for black tutus^[130] and acquiring an overall disposition of angst.^[132] During The Best Damn Thing years, Lavigne changed directions entirely, dying her hair blonde with a pink streak and wearing more feminine outfits,^[133] including "tight jeans and heels,"^[62] and modelling for magazines like Harper's Bazaar.^[126] Lavigne defended her new style: "I don't really regret anything. You know, the ties and the wifebeaters and all... It had its time and place. And now I'm all grown up, and I've moved on".^[133] She now tries to eat healthy foods and participate in athletic activities, including yoga, street hockey, soccer, rollerblading, and surfing.^[62]

Tattoos

Lavigne's XXV and star tattoos on her right forearm, and 30, lightning bolt, and star tattoos on her left wrist.

Only a few of Lavigne's tattoos are unique to her; the rest are matching tattoos, shared with friends.^[62] Lavigne had a star tattooed on the inside of her left wrist that matched the style of the one used for her first album artwork. It was created at the same time as friend and musical associate Ben Moody's identical tattoo.^[134] In late 2004, she had a small pink heart around the letter "D" applied to her right wrist, which represented her boyfriend at the time, Deryck Whibley.^[62][135] Lavigne and Whibley each received matching tattoos again in March 2010, in celebration of his 30th birthday.^[62] In April, Lavigne added another tattoo on her wrist, that of a lightning bolt and the number 30, and her boyfriend, Brody Jenner, received a matching lightning bolt tattoo under his ear.^[136]

“	Everything is always spur-of-the-moment. All of my tattoos, I decide that second and do it.	”
—Avril Lavigne, Inked[62]

Her love of tattoos, however, gained media attention in May 2010, after Lavigne and Jenner received matching tattoos of the word "fuck" on their ribs.^[137][138] Lavigne appeared in the June/July cover story for Inked magazine, where she discussed and showed off her tattoos, including an "Abbey Dawn" on her left forearm and an "XXV" and star on her right. Although she confirmed the "fuck" tattoo verbally in the article, calling it her "favorite word",^[62] she had it applied after the magazine's photo shoot.^[139] She added that she wanted to eventually get a "big-ass heart with a flag through it with a name.... I'm going to wait a few years and make sure I still want it then. I have to wait for that special someone to come back into my life."^[62] In July 2010, Lavigne had the name "Brody" tattooed beneath her right breast.^[140]

Marriage to Deryck Whibley

Lavigne's ex-husband, Deryck Whibley

Lavigne and Deryck Whibley, lead singer and guitarist for the band Sum 41, began dating when she was 19 years old, after being friends since she was 17.^[141] Only a few weeks before they met, Lavigne admitted that she was not meeting boys because her bodyguards were frightening them away. In June 2005, Whibley surprised Lavigne with a trip to Venice, including a gondola ride and a romantic picnic, and on 27 June, he proposed to her.^[142]
She initially wanted to have a "rock n' roll, goth wedding", but she admitted to having doubts about going against tradition. "I've been dreaming about my wedding day since I was a little girl. I have to wear the white dress.... People thought that I would [wear a] black wedding dress, and I would have. But at the same time, I was thinking about the wedding pictures, and I wanted to be in style. I didn't want to be thinking, 20 years later, 'Oh, why did I wear my hair like that?'"^[143]
The wedding was held on 15 July 2006. About 110 guests attended the wedding, which was held at a private estate in Montecito, California.^[144] Lavigne, wearing a gown designed by Vera Wang walked down the aisle with her father, Jean-Claude, to Mendelssohn's "Wedding March". Lavigne chose a colour theme of red and white, including red rose petals and centerpieces of distinctly coloured flowers. The wedding included cocktails for an hour before the reception and a sit-down dinner. The song "Iris", by the Goo Goo Dolls, was played during Lavigne and Whibley's first dance.^[145]
Seven months into their marriage, Lavigne stated that she was "the best thing that's ever happened to him", and suggested that she helped Whibley stay off drugs since they'd begun dating. "He doesn't do drugs. Clearly, he used to, because he talked about it, but I wouldn't be with someone who did, and I made that very clear to him when we first started dating. I've never done cocaine in my life, and I'm proud of that. I am 100 percent against drugs."^[143] The marriage lasted a little more than three years. It was announced on 17 September 2009 that Lavigne and Whibley had split up and that divorce papers would soon follow.^[146] On 9 October 2009, Lavigne filed for divorce, releasing the statement, "I am grateful for our time together, and I am grateful and blessed for our remaining friendship."^[141] The divorce was finalized on 16 November 2010, officially ending the marriage.^[147]

Backing band

Current members Al Berry – bass guitar, backing vocals (2007–present) Rodney Howard – drums, percussion, backing vocals (2007–present) Steve Ferlazzo – electronic keyboard, backing vocals (2007–present) Jim McGorman – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2007–present) Steve Fekete – lead guitar, backing vocals (2008–present)

Past members Mark Spicoluk – bass guitar, backing vocals (April – September 2002) Jesse Colburn – rhythm guitar (2002 – January 2004) Evan Taubenfeld – lead guitar, backing vocals (2002 – September 2004) Craig Wood – rhythm guitar, backing vocals, vocals (2004 – January 2007) Matt Brann – drums, percussion, vocals on (2002 – February 2007) Charlie Moniz – bass guitar (2002 – February 2007) Devin Bronson – lead guitar, backing vocals (2004–2008) Sofia Toufa – backing vocals, dancer (2007 – October 2008) Lindsay Bluafarb – backing vocals, dancer (2007 – October 2008)

Filmography

Year	Title	Role	Notes
2002	Sabrina, the Teenage Witch	Herself	Cameo; performed "Sk8er Boi"
2004	Going the Distance	Herself	Cameo; performed "Losing Grip"
2006	Fast Food Nation	Alice	High school activist
	Over the Hedge	Heather	Voice only
2007	The Flock	Beatrice Bell	Suspect's girlfriend
2010	American Idol	Herself	Guest judge (L.A. auditions)

Discography

Main article: Avril Lavigne discography

• Let Go (2002)
• Under My Skin (2004)
• The Best Damn Thing (2007)
• Goodbye Lullaby (2011)

See also

	Book: Avril Lavigne
Wikipedia Books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

Avril Lavigne portal

• List of Avril Lavigne concert tours
• List of awards and nominations received by Avril Lavigne

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